PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.